<?php

declare (strict_types=1);
namespace IAWPSCOPED\MaxMind\Db\Reader;

// @codingStandardsIgnoreLine
/** @internal */
class Decoder
{
    /**
     * @var resource
     */
    private $fileStream;
    /**
     * @var int
     */
    private $pointerBase;
    /**
     * This is only used for unit testing.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    private $pointerTestHack;
    /**
     * @var bool
     */
    private $switchByteOrder;
    private const _EXTENDED = 0;
    private const _POINTER = 1;
    private const _UTF8_STRING = 2;
    private const _DOUBLE = 3;
    private const _BYTES = 4;
    private const _UINT16 = 5;
    private const _UINT32 = 6;
    private const _MAP = 7;
    private const _INT32 = 8;
    private const _UINT64 = 9;
    private const _UINT128 = 10;
    private const _ARRAY = 11;
    // 12 is the container type
    // 13 is the end marker type
    private const _BOOLEAN = 14;
    private const _FLOAT = 15;
    /**
     * @param resource $fileStream
     */
    public function __construct($fileStream, int $pointerBase = 0, bool $pointerTestHack = \false)
    {
        $this->fileStream = $fileStream;
        $this->pointerBase = $pointerBase;
        $this->pointerTestHack = $pointerTestHack;
        $this->switchByteOrder = $this->isPlatformLittleEndian();
    }
    public function decode(int $offset) : array
    {
        $ctrlByte = \ord(Util::read($this->fileStream, $offset, 1));
        ++$offset;
        $type = $ctrlByte >> 5;
        // Pointers are a special case, we don't read the next $size bytes, we
        // use the size to determine the length of the pointer and then follow
        // it.
        if ($type === self::_POINTER) {
            [$pointer, $offset] = $this->decodePointer($ctrlByte, $offset);
            // for unit testing
            if ($this->pointerTestHack) {
                return [$pointer];
            }
            [$result] = $this->decode($pointer);
            return [$result, $offset];
        }
        if ($type === self::_EXTENDED) {
            $nextByte = \ord(Util::read($this->fileStream, $offset, 1));
            $type = $nextByte + 7;
            if ($type < 8) {
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Something went horribly wrong in the decoder. An extended type ' . 'resolved to a type number < 8 (' . $type . ')');
            }
            ++$offset;
        }
        [$size, $offset] = $this->sizeFromCtrlByte($ctrlByte, $offset);
        return $this->decodeByType($type, $offset, $size);
    }
    /**
     * @param int<0, max> $size
     */
    private function decodeByType(int $type, int $offset, int $size) : array
    {
        switch ($type) {
            case self::_MAP:
                return $this->decodeMap($size, $offset);
            case self::_ARRAY:
                return $this->decodeArray($size, $offset);
            case self::_BOOLEAN:
                return [$this->decodeBoolean($size), $offset];
        }
        $newOffset = $offset + $size;
        $bytes = Util::read($this->fileStream, $offset, $size);
        switch ($type) {
            case self::_BYTES:
            case self::_UTF8_STRING:
                return [$bytes, $newOffset];
            case self::_DOUBLE:
                $this->verifySize(8, $size);
                return [$this->decodeDouble($bytes), $newOffset];
            case self::_FLOAT:
                $this->verifySize(4, $size);
                return [$this->decodeFloat($bytes), $newOffset];
            case self::_INT32:
                return [$this->decodeInt32($bytes, $size), $newOffset];
            case self::_UINT16:
            case self::_UINT32:
            case self::_UINT64:
            case self::_UINT128:
                return [$this->decodeUint($bytes, $size), $newOffset];
            default:
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Unknown or unexpected type: ' . $type);
        }
    }
    private function verifySize(int $expected, int $actual) : void
    {
        if ($expected !== $actual) {
            throw new InvalidDatabaseException("The MaxMind DB file's data section contains bad data (unknown data type or corrupt data)");
        }
    }
    private function decodeArray(int $size, int $offset) : array
    {
        $array = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; ++$i) {
            [$value, $offset] = $this->decode($offset);
            $array[] = $value;
        }
        return [$array, $offset];
    }
    private function decodeBoolean(int $size) : bool
    {
        return $size !== 0;
    }
    private function decodeDouble(string $bytes) : float
    {
        // This assumes IEEE 754 doubles, but most (all?) modern platforms
        // use them.
        $rc = \unpack('E', $bytes);
        if ($rc === \false) {
            throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack a double value from the given bytes.');
        }
        [, $double] = $rc;
        return $double;
    }
    private function decodeFloat(string $bytes) : float
    {
        // This assumes IEEE 754 floats, but most (all?) modern platforms
        // use them.
        $rc = \unpack('G', $bytes);
        if ($rc === \false) {
            throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack a float value from the given bytes.');
        }
        [, $float] = $rc;
        return $float;
    }
    private function decodeInt32(string $bytes, int $size) : int
    {
        switch ($size) {
            case 0:
                return 0;
            case 1:
            case 2:
            case 3:
                $bytes = \str_pad($bytes, 4, "\x00", \STR_PAD_LEFT);
                break;
            case 4:
                break;
            default:
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException("The MaxMind DB file's data section contains bad data (unknown data type or corrupt data)");
        }
        $rc = \unpack('l', $this->maybeSwitchByteOrder($bytes));
        if ($rc === \false) {
            throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack a 32bit integer value from the given bytes.');
        }
        [, $int] = $rc;
        return $int;
    }
    private function decodeMap(int $size, int $offset) : array
    {
        $map = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; ++$i) {
            [$key, $offset] = $this->decode($offset);
            [$value, $offset] = $this->decode($offset);
            $map[$key] = $value;
        }
        return [$map, $offset];
    }
    private function decodePointer(int $ctrlByte, int $offset) : array
    {
        $pointerSize = ($ctrlByte >> 3 & 0x3) + 1;
        $buffer = Util::read($this->fileStream, $offset, $pointerSize);
        $offset += $pointerSize;
        switch ($pointerSize) {
            case 1:
                $packed = \chr($ctrlByte & 0x7) . $buffer;
                $rc = \unpack('n', $packed);
                if ($rc === \false) {
                    throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned short value from the given bytes (pointerSize is 1).');
                }
                [, $pointer] = $rc;
                $pointer += $this->pointerBase;
                break;
            case 2:
                $packed = "\x00" . \chr($ctrlByte & 0x7) . $buffer;
                $rc = \unpack('N', $packed);
                if ($rc === \false) {
                    throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned long value from the given bytes (pointerSize is 2).');
                }
                [, $pointer] = $rc;
                $pointer += $this->pointerBase + 2048;
                break;
            case 3:
                $packed = \chr($ctrlByte & 0x7) . $buffer;
                // It is safe to use 'N' here, even on 32 bit machines as the
                // first bit is 0.
                $rc = \unpack('N', $packed);
                if ($rc === \false) {
                    throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned long value from the given bytes (pointerSize is 3).');
                }
                [, $pointer] = $rc;
                $pointer += $this->pointerBase + 526336;
                break;
            case 4:
                // We cannot use unpack here as we might overflow on 32 bit
                // machines
                $pointerOffset = $this->decodeUint($buffer, $pointerSize);
                $pointerBase = $this->pointerBase;
                if (\PHP_INT_MAX - $pointerBase >= $pointerOffset) {
                    $pointer = $pointerOffset + $pointerBase;
                } else {
                    throw new \RuntimeException('The database offset is too large to be represented on your platform.');
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Unexpected pointer size ' . $pointerSize);
        }
        return [$pointer, $offset];
    }
    // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
    private function decodeUint(string $bytes, int $byteLength)
    {
        if ($byteLength === 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        // PHP integers are signed. PHP_INT_SIZE - 1 is the number of
        // complete bytes that can be converted to an integer. However,
        // we can convert another byte if the leading bit is zero.
        $useRealInts = $byteLength <= \PHP_INT_SIZE - 1 || $byteLength === \PHP_INT_SIZE && (\ord($bytes[0]) & 0x80) === 0;
        if ($useRealInts) {
            $integer = 0;
            for ($i = 0; $i < $byteLength; ++$i) {
                $part = \ord($bytes[$i]);
                $integer = ($integer << 8) + $part;
            }
            return $integer;
        }
        // We only use gmp or bcmath if the final value is too big
        $integerAsString = '0';
        for ($i = 0; $i < $byteLength; ++$i) {
            $part = \ord($bytes[$i]);
            if (\extension_loaded('gmp')) {
                $integerAsString = \gmp_strval(\gmp_add(\gmp_mul($integerAsString, '256'), $part));
            } elseif (\extension_loaded('bcmath')) {
                $integerAsString = \bcadd(\bcmul($integerAsString, '256'), (string) $part);
            } else {
                throw new \RuntimeException('The gmp or bcmath extension must be installed to read this database.');
            }
        }
        return $integerAsString;
    }
    private function sizeFromCtrlByte(int $ctrlByte, int $offset) : array
    {
        $size = $ctrlByte & 0x1f;
        if ($size < 29) {
            return [$size, $offset];
        }
        $bytesToRead = $size - 28;
        $bytes = Util::read($this->fileStream, $offset, $bytesToRead);
        if ($size === 29) {
            $size = 29 + \ord($bytes);
        } elseif ($size === 30) {
            $rc = \unpack('n', $bytes);
            if ($rc === \false) {
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned short value from the given bytes.');
            }
            [, $adjust] = $rc;
            $size = 285 + $adjust;
        } else {
            $rc = \unpack('N', "\x00" . $bytes);
            if ($rc === \false) {
                throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned long value from the given bytes.');
            }
            [, $adjust] = $rc;
            $size = $adjust + 65821;
        }
        return [$size, $offset + $bytesToRead];
    }
    private function maybeSwitchByteOrder(string $bytes) : string
    {
        return $this->switchByteOrder ? \strrev($bytes) : $bytes;
    }
    private function isPlatformLittleEndian() : bool
    {
        $testint = 0xff;
        $packed = \pack('S', $testint);
        $rc = \unpack('v', $packed);
        if ($rc === \false) {
            throw new InvalidDatabaseException('Could not unpack an unsigned short value from the given bytes.');
        }
        return $testint === \current($rc);
    }
}
